June 18, 2021
0 Comment
=================================
(1)
In the recent years, especially after the Second World War, there was a paradigm shift from the traditional approach to the behavioural approach which emphasises on the scientism of the field of political science.
However, it is important to note that it is not possible to study politics objectively and without bias because of the following reasons:
(1) There is no way one wants to study political phenomenon and concept without looking at the history and the law backing it up. This is involves making use of traditional approach to the study of politics and while making use of this approach, it is impossible to do away with bias and sentiments. This is one of the limitations if the scientific approach.
(2) Secondly, it very difficult to study human nature because humans change over time especially when they discover that they are being studied. This in essence brings sentiment and bias into political analyses thus affecting the objective study of political phenomenon and events.
(3) In addition, the data acquired for analyses can be manipulated and tampered with by the researcher if he has a point to prove with the research and this is because it is very difficult to separate fact from values.
(4) Lastly, the quantification of political phenomenon or behaviour is an unattainable goal because behaviour of an individual is immeasurable. That is, there is no way one can precisely ascertain ones behaviour.
Conclusively, despite the agitations of the behavioural approach of the scientism of the field of political science, we can’t totally neglect the usefulness of the traditional approach
=================================
(2)
(i) Political Theory helps us better understand the concepts that have shaped our politics, including freedom, equality, individuality, democracy and justice.
(ii) Political Theory is the part of Political Science that explores what a better political world would look like and how we can create it.
(iii) Political Theory thus frequently involves critiques of our present political reality, and may even take explicitly political positions.
(iv) Political Theory always involves a reflection on one’s own and others’ political principles. The hope is that such critical reflection can contribute to all of us becoming more engaged citizens.
=================================
(4ai)
Power is the capacity of an individual to influence the actions, beliefs, or conduct (behaviour) of others.
(4aii)
Authority is the legitimate power that a person or a group of persons possess and practice over other people.
(4b)
In the exercise of governance, the terms authority and power are inaccurate synonyms. The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and justifies the ruler’s right to exercise the power of government; and the term power identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience; hence, authority is the power to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.
=================================
(5)
(i) Political information is much easier to understand:- Although a two-party system limits the options of voters, it allows parties to present information in a convenient manner. Each party is able to represent their own broad political philosophy. As such, voters can better understand the views of a party regarding certain issues.
(ii) Balance is achieved because multiple interests and opinions are accommodated:- Each party is comprised of organized groups and individual voters who all have a broad range of interests. As such, a party needs to be able to accommodate these interests when making political decisions. Including voter’s interests also allows a party to receive continued support.
(iii) Political stability is achieved:- Having only two parties doesn’t encourage sudden shifts in political trends which can lead to government instability. Only with political stability can economic growth be achieved.
(iv) Governing them is much more simpler:- Two-party systems have been preferred over multi-party systems because they are not difficult to govern. This kind of system also discourages radical minor parties and as such, the results are less unruliness and more harmony.
=================================
(6)
GLOBAL WARMING
Probably global warming is one of the most worrying effects for scientists and environmentalists. Global warming is a direct consequence of the greenhouse effect, which is produced by the high emission of CO2 and methane into the atmosphere. Most of these emissions are produced by the industry, so this can be remedied by social responsibility and action by companies and factories.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate Change is another consequence of global warming. When the temperature of the planet increases, there is a disturbance in the usual climatic cycles, accelerating the changes of these cycles in an evident way.
Due to climate change, the mass of the poles is melting, and this is leading to flooding and the rising of sea levels.
ACID RAIN
The gases emitted by industries, power plants, boilers, heating and transport are very toxic. Those gases include sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) issued into the atmosphere that come from fossil fuels burning. When those substances accumulate in the atmosphere and react with water, they form dilute solutions of nitric and sulphuric acid, and when those concentrations become rain, both the environment and surfaces suffer.
SMOG EFFECT
The smog effect or beret effect happens when there is a kind of dark fog concentrated over the cities and fields. That fog is a load of pollutants and can be of 2 types: sulphurous smog and photochemical smog, both dangerous and harmful to health. Both types of smog are a consequence of industrial and urban action. However, sulphurous smog has its origin mainly in the use of coal in many industrial processes. That has been reduced in the most advanced countries nevertheless, there are still many developing countries that do not have treatment protocols for pollutants.
Deterioration of fields
Acid rain, climate change and smog all damage the Earth surface. Contaminated water and gases seep into the earth, changing the composition of soils. That directly affects agriculture, changing crop cycles and the composition of the food we all eat.
=================================
We are Always with you all today and forever
0 Response to "2021 IJMB GOVERNMENT ANSWERS"
Post a Comment
THANKS, YOUR COMMENT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO US...... WE CARES!